1. Impact of Cities
TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN AMSTERDAMAn interactive journey through Amsterdam's transition towards a circular economy
Contents
Chapter 1. The growing impact of cities
Chapter 2. What is the circularity gap?
Chapter 3. Presenting the circular economy
Chapter 4. The ambition for a Circular Amsterdam
Chapter 5. Adopting a fact-based approach
Chapter 6. Developing circular strategies
Chapter 7. Implementing via Learning by Doing
Chapter 8. Looking into tomorrow
Chapter oneThe Impact of Cities
Cities are driving many of our environmental problems, but are also the solution. Globally, more than 80% of GDP is generated within cities, fuelled by their incredible innovation. The huge influence of cities make them an ideal hotbed to drive this change towards a livable and resilient future.
Watch the full video from the ISS
Urbanisation
These growing urban populations put increased pressures on the provision of key societal needs, such as mobility, nutrition and housing.
Watch the full video of urbanisation in Amsterdam
Mobility
This consumption includes the vast quantities of fossil fuels that emit pollution and CO2, as well as metals and other materials that go into creating cars, trains and buses.
Watch the full timelapse video here
Nutrition
Fulfilling our needs for nutrition is responsible for 23% of global resources consumed annually - about 22 billion tonnes each year. This equals approximately 8 kg per person per day, caused, for example, by the growing global appetite for meat and dairy products, which are up to 10 times more resource intensive than corn. This is much more than what actually makes it to your plate! Approximately 30% of all the biomass that is produced is wasted.
Housing and Infrastructure
Housing and Infrastructure is the single most resource intensive societal need; responsible for 45% of all resources consumed globally at over 40 billion tonnes per year. That’s about 16 kilograms per person per day! But what goes up, must come down. When these buildings are demolished, vast quantities of materials currently ends up in landfill.
2. The Circularity Gap
Chapter TwoThe Circularity Gap
Take
Although the activities involved in resource extraction are varied - from the mining of minerals and metal ores, drilling for petroleum to clearing forests for timber and agricultural land - their outcome is the same: the decimation of our planet!
Make
Subsequently, these refined materials can be used in the manufacture and assembly of products like automobiles from metals, plastics and glass, clothing from textiles, or the construction of roads and houses from brick and mortar. These finished products can, in turn, be used to provide services and that can satisfy our Societal needs.
Waste
But the waste that is collected is only a small part of the story. The majority of the wasted materials (51.9 billion tonnes), remain unaccounted for and are dispersed into the environment. This includes the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere, particulate matter that chokes our cities, and the microplastics washed into the oceans.
The Circularity Gap
However, of the almost 93 billion tonnes that are consumed by our global economic system on a yearly basis, only 8 billion tonnes come from cycled materials…
...This means that only a mere 9% of the materials consumed within the global economy are cycled.
Read the full Circularity Gap Report here
3. Circular Economy
Chapter 3The Circular Economy
a direct challenge to the ‘take-make-waste’ mentality of the linear economy. In a circular economy, materials and products are cycled at their highest value for as long as possible. Products are designed last, and waste is used as a resource.
In the Loop
and recycle.
Press the ‘play’ button in the bottom left corner of the screen to move the slider on this page to compare how materials are cycled in a circular economy compared to a linear economy.
Design for the Future
Adopt a systemic perspective during the design process, to employ the right materials for appropriate lifetime and extended future use.
Prioritise regenerative resources
Ensure renewable, reusable, non-toxic resources are utilised as materials and energy in an efficient way.
Preserve and extend what's already made
Maintain, repair and upgrade resources in use to maximise their lifetime and give them a second life through take-back strategies, where applicable.
Collaborate to create joint value
Consider opportunities to create greater value and align incentives through business models that build on the interaction between products and services
Use waste as a resource
Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling.
Collaborate to create join value
Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector to increase transparency and create joint value.
Incorporate digital technology
Track and optimise resource use and strengthen connections between supply chain actors through digital, online platforms and technologies.
Benefits of the circular economy
4. Circular Amsterdam
Chapter 4 Circular Amsterdam
As a frontrunner in the transition towards a circular economy, Amsterdam embarked on its circular journey with a ‘learning by doing’ approach to pave the path towards a more sustainable future, learning and adapting at every step. The city, therefore, serves as a ‘living lab’; a place that encourages innovation, experimentation and learning to create a future that works for everyone.
VideoAmsterdam's Circular Vision
Targets
A Circular Economy in the Netherlands by 2050
The Netherlands has committed itself to becoming 100% circular by 2050 through the launch of ‘A circular economy in the Netherlands by 2050’ programme. Find out more about the government-wide programme here.
Sustainability Agenda Amsterdam
Amsterdam has taken important steps to its ambition to become 100% circular into practical goals and targets. Learn more about the City’s circular strategies here.
an urban level. Quantifying the impact on jobs, emissions, economic value and raw material use showed that the circular economy not only leads to environmental gains, but also has positive socio-economic effects. The Amsterdam
Circular roadmap not only gave focus and direction to the city itself, but also positioned Amsterdam as an international frontrunner.
Amsterdam Circular: Vision and Roadmap
The publication of Amsterdam Circular proved to be an example for many other cities and regions that aspire to take steps towards a circular economy. This scan was the first study that practically translated the circular economy to
an urban level. Quantifying the impact on jobs, emissions, economic value and raw material use showed that the circular economy not only leads to environmental gains, but also has positive socio-economic effects. The Amsterdam
Circular roadmap not only gave focus and direction to the city itself, but also positioned Amsterdam as an international frontrunner.
Sustainability agenda
Amsterdam’s city council has refocused its ambitions for our city. The council wishes to speed up the process of making Amsterdam more sustainable, but they can’t do it alone. A swift transition calls for new ways of thinking and for close cooperation between knowledge institutes, businesses and Amsterdammers. Efforts are already underway to phase out the use of natural gas in the city, ensuring that Amsterdam is gas-free by 2050. The city government, energy suppliers, housing corporations and Amsterdammers are working together to find solutions that meet everyone’s needs.
Circular Innovation programme
The City of Amsterdam expects that the projects from this innovation program will result into accelerated insights in the transition towards a circular economy. Besides circular knowledge development, circular procurement and learning by doing innovation pilots & projects, the municipality also starts charting the restrictive laws and regulations that are possibly obstructing circular innovation projects in the city. Together with the national government these insights will be used to create the right conditions for the transition.
Circular Economy North Holland
The Circle Regional Scan provides insight into where and how the region of North Holland can start the transition towards a circular economy by collaborating and connecting material flows. The scan identifies key economic clusters and shows what the benefits in terms of materials savings, CO2 emission reductions and job creation could be if circular strategies are applied. By showcasing and implementing on the ground and practical pilots, regions can play a pivotal role in the transition towards a circular economy, and create healthy, liveable and waste free communities.
Roadmap Circular Land issue
With the Roadmap Circular Land Tendering, Amsterdam developed an instrument with which a contractor can secure circular building. The municipality will use the Roadmap this year and early next year for the issue of residential building plots and a non-residential building plot. Later, the instrument will also be used for tenders in the area of transformation, renovation and demolition.
Circular Land issue
The first tender Circular Land Issue was completed on the Zuidas in December 2017. The tender was won by AM in collaboration with Team V Architects. With the ‘Crossover’ concept they combine more than 250 homes with offices, workspace for freelancers and space for creative start-ups. As far as circularity is concerned, AM and V Architects want to create flexibility between homes and offices, utilise a materials passport and adopt dry connection practices (example: bolt-screw, with a view to easy disassembly). This makes future reuse possible. Secondary materials are included in the partition walls (residual cast) and the facade (recycled bricks from StoneCycling). New materials are selected for their low environmental impact.
Waste Implementation programme
The waste implementation programme provides a detailled description how Amsterdam set to achieve higher goals in recycling and collection from 2016 to 2020
Circular City Deal
To help further the circular economy, Amsterdam and several other Dutch cities, government agencies, universities, and companies recently signed a so-called City Deal. By doing so, they are taking the initiative to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. The City Deal, signed is a good way of forming coalitions with cities, with the goal of putting the circular economy into practice.
Sustainable port
The Port of Amsterdam has helped to make the city great, thanks to its location, scale, expertise and combination of industries. Amsterdam aims to reduce the transhipment of coal in the docks. More circular companies will recycle the city’s waste, extract valuable raw materials, and use them to make new products. The port will also act as a ‘battery for the region’, providing the city with sustainable energy.
Agenda Metropolitan region of Amsterdam
Economic agenda of the Metropolitan region of Amsterdam.
5. Fact-based Approach
Chapter 5 Fact-based approach
Adopting a fact-based approach can serve as a guide throughout the circular journey; able to paint an accurate picture of the hidden character of the city and identify key leverage points to contribute towards achieving the targets and agenda of the city.
The first phase of a circular Amsterdam is to determine which areas of the city are most ripe to adopt the circular economy and where the greatest impacts can be made. A material flow analysis uncovered which three key sectors in the city consume the most resources and produce the most waste.
A circular economy is created by circular jobs. A study was conducted to highlight the number of jobs within Amsterdam’s circular economy and identified key leverage points to create a resilient and circular labour force.
Resource Flows
Here, we address how resource Inputs such as water, energy, metals and minerals are used by the various industrial sectors of the city, as well as how the waste Outputs produced by these sectors is Processed. The thickness of the line represents the quantity of materials consumed by each sector. Thereby you can quickly identify where the biggest impact can be made.
Explore a material flow that was created for Amsterdam on the next page. Click on each section to uncover more detail...
Energy
Total Energy consumption by businesses and citizens in the city of Amsterdam is more then 8 million MWh.
Metals
Total consumption of metals is more then 700 kilotonnes in Amsterdam. Metals include raw materials, but also cars, computers and transportation equipment.
Water
Total water consumption is more then 90 million cubic meters. This includes waters for human consumption but also water used in industry.
Minerals and Chemials
Total use of Minerals and chemicals is more then 1.600 Kilotonnes in Amsterdam. Minerals include bricks and stones for buildings and chemicals such as paint.
Biomass
Total use of biomass is more then 3.900 kiloton in Amsterdam. This include food but also wood used in furniture.
Industry
Industry includes all types of manufacturing sectors. In Amsterdam the construction sector was one of the biggest producers of waste.
Offices
The offices sector include all types of offices, from financial services to public administration.
retail
Retail includes wholesale, transportation storage and
Households
One of the biggest resource streams for households is the consumption of food and organic waste.
Emissions
In total, the City of Amsterdam produced over 20,500 Kilotonnes of emissions. For example, this includes CO2, as well as particulate matter.
Waste
Over 6,900 Kilotonnes of waste is produced each year in Amsterdam. For example, this includes waste construction materials, biomass and chemicals.
Waste Water
Amsterdam generates over 110 million cubic meters of waste water. This is produced from households activities, as well as industrial processes.
Circular Jobs and Skills in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area
The report also explores which skills are needed to perform these circular jobs and identifies key leverage points to boost the development of these key skills to create a resilient and circular workforce to support the transition towards a circular Amsterdam.
Can’t wait for the report to be released?
Read Circle Economy’s report Circular Employment within the Netherlands now.
6. Circular Strategies
Chapter 6Circular strategies
For each of the sectors, detailed circular strategies were identified for the city. To highlight the potential of these circular strategies, the impact on jobs creation, carbon emissions, material consumption and economic value were calculated.
A vision for a circular sector Construction
The map depicted on this page details how stakeholders can work together to close resource loops throughout Amsterdam’s Metropolitan Area.
Construction sectorCircular strategies
A vision for a circular sector Food & Biomass
The map shown on this page details how stakeholders can work together to optimise flows throughout the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area.
Biomass and Food sectorCircular strategies
7. Learning by Doing
Chapter 7Learning by Doing
Circular innovation programme
Launched in 2016, the circular innovation programme presents a framework of innovation processes in the City of Amsterdam. The programme creates a greater understanding of what the transition from a linear to a circular economy means – and what this transition does or does not require, in order to accelerate and scale up towards a Circular Amsterdam. Want to find out more?
These municipal programmes lead to the implementation of more than 70 circular projects throughout the city, particularly in the Construction and Agri-food sectors. To get a glimpse of what is happening in the city, a few circular lighthouse projects are highlighted on the following pages - explore the maps to find out more information!
VideoThe role of businesses in the circular economy
Circular land Issue
The first tender Circular Land Issue was completed on the Zuidas in December 2017. The project strives to create flexibility between the more than 250 new homes and offices, utilise a materials passport and adopt dry connection practices . This makes future reuse possible. Secondary materials are included in the partition walls (residual cast) and the facade (recycled bricks from StoneCycling). New materials are selected for their low environmental impact.
Circular Procurement of Office Furniture
Amsterdam now purchases its office furniture in a circular way. In principle, no new furniture would be supplied if existing furniture was still satisfactory. Now, when new furniture is purchased, the supplier takes back the old furniture and assess - based on predefined criteria – if the furniture was still suitable for reuse, could be refurbished or had reached the end of its life cycle. Products that no longer met the criteria, were disassembled and parts would be reused for making new products (e.g. separation walls or lockers).
Circular Tendering Criteria
The Roadmap Circular Land Issue describes 32 criteria for incorporating circularity in a land issue process. These criteria cover five themes: materials, energy, water, ecosystems and resilience. When applying the roadmap, criteria are selected for the area in question, in line with local ambitions, area characteristics, and urban planning frameworks. From the day of publication, the Roadmap has proven to be authoritative in the Netherlands and is widely used to tender circular ambitions. It is important to continue testing the Roadmap, improve its criteria along the way and apply focus.
3D Printing
3D Printing in the Circular City, an initiative of AMS, shows us the possibilities of high-value reuse of plastics. Plastic waste from the city is separated, cleaned and reused as a raw material for 3D printers. These 3D printers can print large products that can be used in the public space, such as street furniture. Because the products are printed individually, residents can easily contribute to the design.
Urban Mine
Prospecting the Urban Mines of Amsterdam is a research project identifies future materials that will become available in demolition or renovation projects. The study provides both an overview of the potential of this ‘urban mine’, and ways of using it. This project is unique: no city anywhere has made their future material stock transparent.
Mixing of functions - Circular port city
The Port-City project aims at the development of a new city district where (mainly after 2040) 40,000 to 70,000 new homes will be created. The development strategy ensures that all these homes as well as the public space, will be developed in a circular way. Within the broad field of circularity, the focus lies on material use and adaptability. This creates demand for circularity, enabling market parties to respond to this demand. Next, circular ambitions can be translated into the spatial plan of the sub-areas of the Port-City area.
Circular Area Development
The City of Amsterdam is facilitating the development of Buiksloterham into a sustainable and circular district. By choosing concrete measures at an early stage, sustainability can be easily implemented in the project. While individual self-build projects are not selected on the basis of sustainability, a compulsory assessment shows to which extent the self-builder is including sustainability and circularity in the plans.
Product Reuse
The campaign ‘products remain products’ aims to reduce the quantity of residual waste as well as raw material consumption for new products amongst citizens. On the basis of a study, six measures have been formulated for Amsterdam Oost: (i) improving the business model of local initiatives; (ii) increasing the awareness of local initiatives; (iii) increasing the number of local collection points, in collaboration with second-hand stores; (iv) higher-quality reuse of A-grade wood; (v) initiating pop-up stores; and (vi) more cooperation with retail.
Residual streams and design
The QO Hotel is a one the first circular hotels that embeds circular thinking throughout every aspect. The aquaponics system on the rooftop provides fresh vegetables and herbs. The building is made from recycled concrete and made in such a way that it can provide different functions in the future.
Protein Hub
Power to Protein creates high-value proteins in the form of Single Cell Protein, by a special bacterium that grows on hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonium and oxygen. Currently, ammonium is a waste material, which is present in different flows of wastewater treatment. A waste water purification plant also produces biogas. After combustion, biogas is converted into carbon dioxide, which can be used as a raw material for the production process of the proteins. Sewage water forms the basis for these high-value proteins.
Circular Restaurant
Instock is a restaurant that create meals from recovered food surplus collected from supermarkets, wholesale, and other vendors. The menu is dynamic and changes based on the ingredients that are collected. Besides offering meals, Instock also sell products, such as granola from spent grain and beer from potato leftovers.
Festival as a testing ground
DGTL is a renowned festival that has adopted circular thinking into the core of their operations. For example, the festival hosts a circular food court, where food is served to festival-goers on biodegradable plates and all leftovers will be composted. DGTL have outlined ambitious plans to becomes the first fully circular festival in the world.
Seaweed
This Amsterdam-based startup is making hamburgers from seaweed! This plant-based burger presents a sustainable and animal friendly alternative to traditional options. Seaweed is a fast growing plant that contain a high amount of proteins and other valuable nutrients - it tastes great too!
Leftover meals
The app ‘To Good To Go’ lets people buy leftover meals from restaurant at the discounted priced - helping to reduce the quantity of food that is thrown in the bin. From more than 50 businesses in Amsterdam, you can buy unsold meals at the end of the day for a discount up to 70%.
Organic waste recovery
The Biogas Boat is set to be launched in de Ceuvel, a living lab nestled within Amsterdam that has been created entirely based on circular principles. The Biogas Boat itself will be able to convert organic waste from the restaurant into biogas to be used in the restaurant. The remaining digestate is a rich source of nutrients for plants and insects - closing the organic waste and energy loop locally.
Nutrient Recovery
Everyday, valuable nutrients are washed away into sewage system. The local water water authority (Waternet) is recovering these valuable nutrients, such as phosphates, from the sewage. Hereby, they not only recover more than 25% of the phosphates washed out of the system, it also prevents these materials clogging up the pipes.
Decentral Collection
The District South-East in the Amsterdam is piloting in the decentral collection of household organic waste. Through electric transportation it will be brought to a digester, biogas, water and heat will be recovered from the waste.
biodigester
The Amsterdam based strartup BrouwBrood is making bread from residual streams from the beer brewing process. Spent grain, that is a leftover product, can be used to supplement over 30% of the bread flower in the baking process.
Street Containers
High-rise and collection of organic waste is usually an unfortunate combination. A pilot project in the district Java-Eiland, the municipality provides bags and baskets to deliver the organic waste to street containers. To motivate the partners they showed what valuable materials can be made from the organic streams.
Logistics
The District South-East in the Amsterdam is piloting in the decentral collection of household organic waste. Through electric transportation it will be brought to a digester, biogas, water and heat will be recovered from the waste.
Pioneering ProjectsFeaturing frontrunning projects in the circular economy
Taking Stock of Progress
The Amsterdam Evaluation performed a thorough evaluation of 73 circular projects within the city; covering eight municipal instruments as well as five value chains, including Construction and Biomass and Food. Results of the evaluation show evidence that a circular economy is both realistic as well as profitable. Amsterdam’s approach of encouraging experimentation and implementation has been successful in both the Construction and Biomass & Food sectors, with circular procurement and knowledge dissemination being particularly important, respectively.
Read the full report here
8. Tomorrow
Chapter 8Tomorrow
Full Video or air traffic in Europe
Towards a Circular Tomorrow
Read the full report here
[video]Next steps Circular Amsterdam
4 steps to kickstart the circular transition
Yet, the experiences generated over the past three years provide four key steps for other cities to kick-start their own journey towards the circular economy:
About
About
AboutAmsterdam
More information can be found on the website
Direct contact for inquiries and information
AboutCircle EconomyCircle Cities Programme
More information can be found on the website
Direct contact lead cities programme (Annerieke Douma)
References
Photo and Video Credits
Chapter 1 - Cities - David Peterson
Chapter 1 - Urbanisation GeodanNL
Chapter 1 - Mobility
Chapter 7 - Instock - Selma Seddick
Chapter 7 - Fairphone - Miquel Ballesta Salva
Chapter 7 - Amsterdam - Marieke van Doorninck
Chapter 3,6,7,8 - Pexel.com
Chapter 1,2,3,4,8 - Jurn de Winter
Chapter 1. Cities
United Nations (2016), The worlds Cities in 2016
UNHABITAT (2011), Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011
World Bank (2018), Urban Waste management
Circle Economy (2018), Circularity Gap Report
IOS Amsterdam (2018), Kerncijfers Amsterdam 2018
The Copenhagenzie Bicycle Friendly Index
FAO (2014), Key facts on food loss and waste you should know
Chapter 2. The circularity gap?
Circle Economy (2018), Circularity Gap Report
Footprintnetwork (2018), Ecological footprint
Chapter 3. Circular economy
Circle Economy (2016), Making sense of the circular economy
Ellen Mcarthur Foundation (2013), Towards the Circular Economy Vol. 2: opportunities for the consumer goods sector
WRAP (2016), Employment and the circular economy
Circle Economy, Ecofys (2016), Circular Economy: A key lever in bridging the emissions gap to a 1.5 °C pathway
Chapter 4. Circular Amsterdam
Circle Economy, Fabric, TNO (2015), Circular Amsterdam, A vision and action agenda for the city and metropolitan area
Municipality Amsterdam (2016), Circular Innovation programme
Netherlands Government (2016), A Circular Economy in the Netherlands by 2050
Chapter 5. Fact-based approach
Circle Economy (2015), Circular Amsterdam, A vision and action agenda for the city and metropolitan area
Chapter 6. Circular strategies
Circle Economy, Fabric, TNO (2015), Circular Amsterdam, A vision and action agenda for the city and metropolitan area
Chapter 7. Lighthouse projects
Power to Protein
Fosfaatje
Instock
DGTL
Dutchweedburger
Biogasboat
ToGoodToGo
Qo Hotel
Buiksloterham
PUMA
AMS
Chapter 8. Tomorrow
Circle Economy, Copper8, Evaluation and action perspective circular amsterdam
Colophon
Authors
Circle Economy
Jurn de Winter
Max Russell
Annerieke Douma
Nicolas Raspail
Municipality Amsterdam
Eveline Jonkhoff
Herma de Walle
For inquires about this interactive website contact
Jurn de winter - Jurn@circle-economy.com
For press inquires contact
Melanie Wijnands - Melanie@circle-economy.com
Upscaling of the Construction chain
The municipality of Amsterdam can accelerate the transition by a further deployment of the instruments of land issue, spatial planning and legislation & regulations. In order to realise circular projects in the short term and to guarantee circular performance in the long term, a good cooperation with market parties is essential. The Roadmap Circular Land Issue can play an important role in further upscaling.
These last years, Amsterdam’s focus on circular construction has created a movement throughout the Netherlands. Amsterdam can support this movement by maintaining its focus on this value chain. In this way, the city can make a significant contribution to the further circularisation of the construction chain.
Upscaling of the Biomass & Food chain
Continuing the commitment to the Biomass & Food chain ensures scaling up of innovations for high-value reuse. In this action perspective, for example, attention will be paid to activities that specifically focus on food and physical space in the city for decentralised solutions. The innovation developed in Amsterdam can then be applied elsewhere, which shows how important the role of Amsterdam is in accelerating the transition to a circular economy.
Upscaling of the value chain Consumer goods
Continued focus on this value chain will mainly be in the fields of business support and information provision. The current emphasis on the end of the chain (waste phase) can be transformed into a structural approach for the entire chain. This leads to a lower environmental pressure. Effective cooperation with the greater metropolitan region is important. If we want to reach optimal results, we need to cooperate closely with the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area.
Expanding circular procurement
The procurement instrument can be applied to all value chains. The greatest potential for municipalities, however, lies in the value chains of Construction (in the physical city) and Consumer goods (for own management). Structural circular procurement of Amsterdam creates an incentive for suppliers to produce circularly, and also offers them a secure market.
Expanding the knowledge function
These efforts should be taken to the next level in all value chains in the upcoming phase of the transition. By means of research, we should be able to chart technical and economic opportunities. Education & information provision should enable us to involve new stakeholders and organisations in the transition. Furthermore, The municipality should share knowledge and experiences in our networks, enabling all those involved to engage. In order for these instruments to be strong and effective, collaboration with Amsterdam-based knowledge institutes and market parties is essential.
Minerals and Chemicals
Water
Energy
Metals
Biomass
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Water
Energy
Metals
Minerals and Chemicals
Biomass
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Energy
Metals
Minerals and Chemicals
Biomass
Water
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Energy
Metals
Materials & Chemicals
Water
Biomass
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Energy
Metals
Materials & Chemicals
Biomass
Water
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Energy
Metals
Materials & Chemicals
Biomass
Water
Households
Industry
Retail
Offices
Energy
Metals
Materials & Chemicals
Biomass
Water
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
ConstructionDismantling and separation
High value reuse and recycling
Marketplace and resourcebank
Smart design
Benefits of a Circular EconomyJobs
For example, one job is needed for every kilotonne of electronics that are landfilled. However, if the same quantity is recycling, then 15 jobs are created, and repairing creates 200 more!
Read more about jobs in the circular economy
Benefits of a Circular EconomyCarbon Emissions
Read more in this report
Benefits of a Circular EconomyMaterial Savings
There are almost unlimited opportunities for the circular economy to create material savings. For example, designing products and services in such a way that allows for materials to be reused and recycled can reduce not only the quantity of materials sent to landfill, but also overall extraction of finite raw materials.
Applied to consumer goods, the circular economy has been
estimated to generate as much as $700billion in material savings globally each year.
Benefits of a Circular EconomyAdded Value
It has been estimated that the circular economy could boost EU GDP by €1.8 trillion by 2030
Read more here
TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN AMSTERDAM
Contents
The Impact of Cities
Urbanisation
Mobility
Nutrition
Housing and Infrastructure
The Circularity Gap
Take
Make
Waste
The Circularity Gap
The Circular Economy
In the Loop
7 Key Elements
Benefits of the circular economy
Circular Amsterdam
Amsterdam's Circular Vision
Targets
Road to a Circular Amsterdam
Fact-based approach
Resource Flows
Overview
Circular Jobs and Skills in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area
Circular strategies
Construction
Food & Biomass
Learning by Doing
The role of businesses in the circular economy
Lighthouse Projects Construction
Lighthouse projects Biomass
Taking Stock of Progress
Tomorrow
Next steps Circular Amsterdam
4 steps to kickstart the circular transition
Circle Economy
End
Upscaling of the Construction chain
Upscaling of the Biomass & Food chain
Upscaling of the value chain Consumer goods
Expanding circular procurement
Expanding the knowledge function
Energy
Material
Water
Households
Industry
Offices
Retail
Dismantling and separation
High value reuse and recycling
Marketplace and resourcebank
Smart design
Jobs
Carbon Emissions
Material Savings
Added Value
instock rescuing food waste
Fairphone - The Circular Phone
Waste separation and logistics
Cascading of organic flows
Recovering nutrients
Bio-refinery hub